We Have No Right For Happiness - 1167 Words

Gabriel Esparza English 300 Professor Marks March 8, 2016 We Have No Right To Happiness In C.S Lewis essay, â€Å" We Have No Right To Happiness, he argues that we the people within the world don’t have the right to happiness. In my right being who can accuse such a thing. Everyone has the right to be happy in my opinion. Perhaps look for instance even our Declaration of Independence says â€Å" We have the right to pursue happiness.† I find it somewhat fascinated and yet nothing has changed in our culture since such as author C.S Lewis has wrote this short essay. I truly believe that people know how to be happy and express it, but perhaps they just assume on having a good reason to not be satisfied with their daily lives. I nessaccly feel†¦show more content†¦Unlike C.S Lewis example of Mr. A deserting his wife and family, for Mrs. B as doing the same leaving her crippled veteran husband for Mr. A seeking a happier life, never did I picture my parents doing such a thing. As for personal life, my father sticked with my mother till the very as s he was diagnosed with cancer. Don’t intended to be a downer but isn’t true marriage till the end if im not wrong. Lewis quotes â€Å" When two people achieve lasting happiness, this is not solely because they are great lovers but because they are also I must put it crudely good people.† Having reading such a passage I consider my father â€Å"good people† sticking his morals and what s right, on not abandoning his family even as widow at end of it, as unlike C.S Lewis example of Mr. A who broke moral laws. But, again who am I too say, about marriage, as I never once was. Moreover a second reason, why I give inn on disagreeing are the mentions and ideas of â€Å"sexual impulses†. Lewis addresses his meaning to such happniess through sexaul impluse. He proclaims â€Å" happiness is really only sexual happiness†, in my right being what is he trying to say? Clare one’s character in Lewis essay, speaks on her behalf only using happiness when describing sexual happiness. Clare tends to speaks, in support of the desire of sex to encounter such happiness. Providing such statements â€Å"that not to promote alcoholismShow MoreRelatedEssay on Review We Have No Right to Happiness713 Words   |  3 PagesReview on We have No â€Å"Right to Happiness† By: C.S. Lewis In class we read three different essays including ‘The Dying family’ by J.H. Plumb,’ Does Fatherhood Make You Happy?’ By Daniel Gilbert, and ‘We Have No Right to Happiness’ by C.S. Lewis. Though the purpose of these essays can be very controversial to some, after reviewing all three essays I have picked my favorite, or the one I agree with and disagree with most. ‘We have no Right to Happiness’ makes a very good argument on the pointRead MoreAnalyzing CS Lewis We Have No Right to Happiness and Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House648 Words   |  3 Pages 1. In We have no Right to Happiness CS. Lewis claims that the right to happiness is chiefly claimed for the sexual impulse. Because Nora in Ibsens A Dolls House does not leave Torvald for another man, the principles upon which C.L. Lewis bases his essay are moot and do not apply. Lewis exhibits a disturbing amount of gender bias, sexism, and stereotyped assumption in his essay, but he might indeed understand that Torvald has emotionally and psychologically abused his wife throughout theirRead MoreHappiness Is A Feeling And A Choice995 Words   |  4 PagesHappiness is a feeling and a choice rather than a state of being. Happiness comes within us, we chose to be satisfied or not. People that are optimistic compared to others that are not, are happier and care free. When we are happy, it is considered a moment of perfection, of joyfulness. Happiness does not all come at once, nor does it stay, happiness comes one moment at a time. People usually say, â€Å"I’ll be happy whenâ € ¦.† Individuals are picking and choosing when to be happy. We are so fortunate toRead MoreThe Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas By Ursula Leguin1693 Words   |  7 Pagessociety in Omelas is able to ensure happiness and perfect lives while one child suffers. This is the price that they pay, seemingly unknowingly unless they are a certain age, to have a utopian society. When someone finds out about why they live in such bliss, they are left with a choice; stay in Omelas knowing that the child must suffer for their, and everyone’s, happiness, or, to leave Omelas unknowing of what their life might entail. Today, society shows ways that we truly fulfill the idea that WilliamRead MoreIs It The Right Thing For Me? Join The War After College?1064 Words   |  5 PagesIn life, we are constantly faced with situations and scenarios where we have to make choices. Deciding which choices we make is often times determined by what we deem as right and wrong. There are no clear-cut, black and white answers to these questions, so we have to take it upon ourselves to do our best to make the right choices. Imagine this, your country is heading to war, and you want to help serve your country against the terrorists attacking your home. So you go to school majoring in the enimesRead MoreUtilitarianism : Bentham And Mill766 Words   |  4 PagesUtilitarianism: Bentham VS. Mill Utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory that holds the morally right course of action in any given situation is the course of which yields the greatest balance of benefits over harms. More specifically, utilitarianism’s core idea is that the effects of an action determine whether actions are morally right or wrong. Created with philosophies of Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806–1873), Utilitarianism began in England in the 19th Century. Read MoreActions and Their Labels of Either Right or Wrong Essay1204 Words   |  5 PagesActions and Their Labels of Either Right or Wrong In this academic essay there will be an in depth look at the words of Mill, in terms of actions and their labels of either right and wrong, and those connotations to happiness and, so to speak the reverse of happiness. There will be an attempt through various different channels, to illustrate the absurdity of utilitarianism, in the sense of its mere provisional assessment of promoting happiness. Furthermore this essay willRead MoreUtilitarianism : A Look At J.s1731 Words   |  7 Pagesconsequentialism and happiness. So in order to understand utilitarianism we must first understand what consequentialism is, and then understand how happiness is related. Consequentialism is a philosophical view in which morality means to produce the right kind of consequences. This could lead one to ask what the right kinds of consequences are. Since utilitarianism is based on consequentialism, and consequentialism is based on morality, we would look at morality to define the right kind of consequencesRead MoreUtilitarianism Vs. Mill Utilitarianism1004 Words   |  5 Pagesanism: Bentham VS. Mill Utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory that holds the morally right course of action in any given situation is the course of which yields the greatest balance of benefits over harms. More specifically, utilitarianism’s core idea is that the effects of an action determine whether actions are morally right or wrong. Created with the philosophies of Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806–1873), Utilitarianism began in England in the 19th Century. BenthamRead MoreIs Happiness the Purpose of Life?1317 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"We’re not happy and we can’t be happy; we only want happiness.† So, what’s the purpose of life? Is it to be happy? Everyone has that desire, to have happiness. We even base our decision we by how it will affect our happiness. In our life we experience happiness and unhappiness, but we are oblivious as to what happiness is. What comes to mind when thinking of happiness? Is it pleasure, the tho ught of the good life, prosperity, or is it something else? We won’t be able to have a response to that question

Essay about The Man Who Counted - 1450 Words

After reading the book The Man Who Counted by Malba Tahan, I learned a lot more about mathematics and how it can be viewed as an art form. The two main characters, Hanak Tade Maia, the man that became friends with the man who counted, and Beremiz Samir, the counting man, talk about their adventures and their jobs they both get with royalty. The book is basically filled with the stories and adventures of the Counting Man told by him and what Maia views. The book is told in sequential order starting from a memory of how Maia and Beremiz met, which was when Maia found him dressed in rags on the side of the road in the desert blurting out random seven digit numbers. This book was very well written and interesting enough to keep the reader’s†¦show more content†¦I already have told a lot of my friends about this book because even though it’s a bit confusing, it’s also fascinating to think that someone like this young man (who is only 26 years old) can be so p henomenal when it comes it math. He really sparked and kept my interest, I think that I was most intrigued by the authors writing style. This book made me see math more as a subject that one could actually look into more than just numbers, I can see the actual attractiveness to mathematics because of the stories that were told throughout this novel. When it comes to this book, I didn’t think I could learn much from a fictional novel. I did find out that even though this book was fictional, I learned a great deal. I learned to appreciate math as an art form, and how number correlations are so fascinating. The counting man shows the reader what â€Å"perfect numbers† are, how to get the perfect correlation, and why he is so good at math. At one point, the counting man estimated the amount of birds in a giant bird cage, correctly to come out at some absurd number of 500 and something. After being told to tell his employer how many birds there were in the cage, which he di d without any trouble at all, the counting man convinced his employer to set them free because than their numbers will soar. He meant literally and figuratively, literally because the birds will soar, and figuratively because than they will be free to mate and have spawn so theirShow MoreRelatedTheme of Success in Yuset Komunyaka ´s Glory and Emily Dickinson ´s Success is Counted Sweetest539 Words   |  3 PagesSuccess is Counted Sweetest by Emily Dickinson share the theme of success. Success is the achievement of an intention that was planned or attempted. Success not only requires bravery and courage, but hard work and determination. The theme of success in the poem, Glory, comes from the success achieved by the young men playing baseball. The theme of success in the poem, Success is Counted Sweetest, comes from the achievement of victory in battle. The theme of success in Glory and Success is Counted SweetestRead MoreMark Twain Emily Dickinson1045 Words   |  5 Pagesmany examples of writers that have originated in America. Mark Twain wrote Extracts from Adams Diary a playful short story of how man met woman. Emily Dickinsons Success is Counted Sweetest is a poem on how when one succeeds it brings joy into the effort that was put forth. One may learn a great deal from reading works of literature. The poem â€Å"Success is Counted Sweetest† by Emily Dickinson is a poem that may bring back childhood memories of a competitive rivalry. The poem speaks about havingRead MoreThe Six Functions Of Rhetoric1482 Words   |  6 Pagespoem. Incidentally, Dickinson’s poem also contains multiple characteristics and functions of rhetoric. From the data collected and interpreted, we may categorize Lincoln’s â€Å"Second Inaugural Address† as a rhetorical speech and Dickinson’s â€Å"Success Is Counted Sweetest† as a poem containing rhetorical characteristics. Lincoln’s speech announces to announce to his people, the Union, the Civil War, was unavoidable. In his first few paragraphs, the President claims that he has no new knowledge of the warRead MoreAnalysis Of Longitude By Dava Sobel1356 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscovery. As you read through this paper you will get an understanding of the topics Sobel talked about in her book such as, the shipwrecks and tragedies that occurred without longitude at sea, the two competing methods to find longitude and the man who discovered it. The first part of the book Dava Sobel focuses on why all of a sudden there was a push for a method of finding longitude. Sailors were always able to find their latitude, which was always parallel lines that were parallel to each otherRead More The Role of Women in Judaism Essay1154 Words   |  5 Pageswithin the religion they are considered as equals. In Judaism, God is not viewed as a male or female. They believe that God has both masculine and feminine qualities. Some Jewish people refer to God as a man only for convenience, not because they actually believe that he is a male. Both man and woman were created in the image of God. Some even believe that women were created with higher role of importunacy because they were built (Gen 2:22) rather then formed (Gen 2:7). In traditional OrthodoxRead MoreThe Role of Belonging in Film and Print Essay921 Words   |  4 Pagesexemplified in the final scenes of conflict between Proctor and the courts. The conflict is between the two groups the court and Proctor who is counted as against the court. It is evident that two groups have been established when Danforth exclaims to the Salem court â€Å"that a person is either with this court or he must be counted against it.† As Proctor has been counted against the court, he has been accused of being a witch. Throughout the play, Proctor has been portrayed as a non conformist. Read MoreThe Civil War Essay947 Words   |  4 Pagesto Emily Dickinson’s Success Is Counted Sweetest Both The Second Inaugural Address and Success is Counted Sweetest were referenced about the Civil War. Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address took Socrate’s rhetorical approach in that Lincoln tried to influence the souls of his audience. Dickinson’s Success is Counted Sweetest was less direct to her audience but nonetheless conveyed her message go triumph being more significant to he who failed rather than to he who attained victory. The Civil WarRead MoreFederalist Paper : The Federalist Papers1399 Words   |  6 Pagesa part of the Constitution. Of these, the Three-Fifths Compromise, the Electoral College, and the Bill of Rights were the some of the most important and most controversial. Madison who wrote the 54th Federalist paper discussed the Three-Fifths Compromise at length, defending the addition of this clause. Hamilton who wrote 68th Federalist paper defends the process that the Constitution institutes for electing a president. The Bill of Rights were discussed in the 84th Federalist paper which was alsoRead MoreHe Needs This Money Badly876 Words   |  4 PagesI responded. Once dad parked the car, we got out and started to walk to the doors of the building. As we approached the doors, there were three men. One man had a baseball bat, the other had a steel bar about 2 feet long. The last man had a fur coat on that made him look like Babe Ruth. At that moment I knew who they were. They were the men who gave dad the money, and they wanted it back. â€Å"Hey kid, go up to your father’s room, he’ll be up in a couple minutes.† The guy in the fur coat told me crackingRead MoreRonald Reagan s President Of The United States1129 Words   |  5 PagesWar II. For all practical purposes, Ronald Reagan was a president who accomplished more than he set forth to do and did so famously; some would say infamously. Nevertheless, Reagan accomplished more in his eight year presidency than most presidents of the 20th Century. He is widely hailed as the man who ended the Cold War and will forever be remembered as the man who led to the conservative resurgence in America. He was a man of profound ability and charisma and America is better off for having

Atomic bomb Essay Example For Students

Atomic bomb Essay Word Count: 1690 Just before the beginning of World War II, Albert Einstein wrote a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Urged by Hungarian-born physicists Leo Szilard, Eugene Wingner, and Edward Teller, Einstein told Roosevelt about Nazi German efforts to purify Uranium-235 which might be used to build an . Shortly after that the United States Government began work on the Manhattan Project. The Manhattan Project was the code name for the United States effort to develop the Atomic bomb Essay before the Germans did. The first successful experiments in splitting a uranium atom had been carried out in the autumn of 1938 at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin(Groueff 9) just after Einstein wrote his letter. So the race was on. Major General Wilhelm D. Styer called the Manhattan Project the most important job in the war . . . an all-out effort to build an atomic bomb.(Groueff 5) It turned out to be the biggest development in warfare and sciences biggest development this century. The most complicated issue to be addressed by the scientists working on the Manhattan Project was ;the production of ample amounts of enriched uranium to sustain a chain reaction.;(Outlaw 2) At the time, Uranium-235 was hard to extract. Of the Uranium ore mined, only about 1/500 th of it ended up as Uranium metal. Of the Uranium metal, ;the fissionable isotope of Uranium (Uranium- 235) is relatively rare, occurring in Uranium at a ratio of 1 to 139. ;(Szasz 15) Separating the one part Uranium-235 from the 139 parts Uranium-238 proved to be a challenge. ;No ordinary chemical extraction could separate the two isotopes. Only mechanical methods could effectively separate U-235 from U-238.;(2) Scientists at Columbia University solved this difficult problem. A ;massive enrichment laboratory/plant;(Outlaw 2) was built at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. H. C. Urey, his associates, and colleagues at Columbia University designed a system that ;worked on the principle of gaseous diffusion.;(2) After this process was completed, ;Ernest O. Lawrence (inventor of the Cyclotron) at the University of California in Berkeley implemented a process involving magnetic separation of the two isotopes.;(2) Finally, a gas centrifuge was used to further separate the Uranium-235 from the Uranium-238. The Uranium-238 is forced to the bottom because it had more mass than the Uranium-235. ;In this manner uranium-235 was enriched from its normal 0.7% to weapons grade of more than 90%.;(Grolier 5) This Uranium was then transported to ;the Los Alamos, N. Mex., laboratory headed by J. Robert Oppenheimer. ;(Grolier 5) ;Oppenheimer was the major force behind the Manhattan Project. He literally ran the show and saw to it that all of the great minds working on this project made their brainstorms work. He oversaw the entire project from its conception to its completion.;(Outlaw 3) Once the purified Uranium reached New Mexico, it was made into the components of a gun-type atomic weapon. ;Two pieces of U-235, individually not large enough to sustain a chain reaction, were brought together rapidly in a gun barrel to form a supercritical mass that exploded instantaneously.;(Grolier 5) ;It was originally nicknamed Thin Man'(after Roosevelt, but later renamed Little Boy (for nobody) when technical changes shortened the proposed gun barrel. ;(Szasz 25) The scientists were so confident that the gun-type atomic bomb would work ;no test was conducted, and it was first employed in military action over Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, 1945.;(Grolier 5) Before the Uranium-235 ;Little Boy; bomb had been developed to the ;point of seeming assured of success,;(Grolier 5) another bomb was proposed. The Uranium-238 that had been earlier ruled out as an option was being looked at. It could capture a free neutron without fissioning and become Uranium-239. ;But the Uranium-239 thus produced is unstable (radioactive) and decays first to neptunium-239 and then to plutonium-239. Planet Warming Essay Groves reason for choosing Oppenheimer to run the Los Alamos lab was we (are) not going to find a better man. When the Los Alamos lab was built, all the people involved with the atomic bomb, physicists, mathematicians, chemists, engineers, skilled metalworkers, and every type of person needed to create such a complex weapon, were moved there, along with their families. Pretty soon, 120,000 people were .

Task Instructions Essay Example

Task Instructions Essay If God made the world, then he must be absent without leave! Write an essay examining the evidence that both supports and rejects the belief of the existence in God. Introduction Since the beginning of time, people have always been mystified as to whether God exists or not. This is a very vital question that occasionally lurks in the mind of every human being, because it informs us as to what our purpose to life is, and above all, who created us. Our curiosity has driven us to search deep and far for evidence for and against the existence of God. However, as yet Science has not been successful in providing us with satisfactory answers for either case, which is why people have not yet reached an answer that they can trust, though Scientists are determined to provide a reliable answer very shortly. We will write a custom essay sample on Task Instructions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Task Instructions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Task Instructions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ever since it has been known, the majority of people have always believed that God is responsible for the creation of the universe. This is because many people have found it impossible that the entire human race as well as the animals and plants that this world contains have originated from a so-called coincidence. Throughout the stone ages, many people wondered as to what Gods appearance would be like. In order to show their beliefs, ideas and views, they painted pictures on caves. They also drew pictures to portray heaven and hell. However, in comparison to the Ancient times, many people are no longer in favour of the existence of God, because they want evidence to support their beliefs. My assignment will hopefully provide information that both supports and rejects the belief of God. Throughout my essay, I will try my utmost hardest to remain in a completely neutral position, and not be biased in any way whatsoever, despite the fact that I have firm belief in God. The Cosmological Argument There is a famous saying; Something cannot be made out of nothing. This is the view of Thomas Aquinas, a religious scholar. He is also reported to have said, Everything in the universe has a cause. Trace those causes back, and there must have been a first cause that triggered everything else. God is that first cause. The above quotation denotes that without a God, everything else is non-existent. If Science has so far been successful in providing a reason for practically everything, then why has it not been successful in providing us with a believable reason for the non-existence of God? This view leads on to The Big Bang theory, which is that once, everything in the universe was simply dense mass, smaller than the eye of a needle. Due to an unknown cause, it began to expand 15,000 million years ago. From that point onwards, to this day, the universe is said to have continued to expand. However, Scientists opine that one day the universe will stop expanding and begin to contract. Although The Big Bang Theory is the only possible explanation contradicting the existence of God, many people do not believe in it, because there are too many coincidences. For example, if there were too much energy used to create the Earth, then the Earth would not even exist, due to the speed of the force. Similarly, If there was not enough energy, even then the Earth would not exist, because the speed of the force would be too less. Therefore, exactly the accurate amount of energy is needed. In the same way, if the universe were one hundred miles closer to the sun, or even one hundred miles further away from the sun, the world would be completely non-existent today. This is because if our planet were one hundred miles closer to the sun, we would die of the extreme heat, that us, as humans cannot possibly endure. If our planet were one hundred miles further away from the sun, we would die of the extreme cold that us, as humans, and other animals cannot possibly tolerate. Many people refuse to accept the above-mentioned facts to be coincidences. They believe that the only possible explanation regarding all these coincidences would be the existence of God Many atheists and even some agnostics are in favour of the Big Bang theory. They believe that the occurrence of the Big Bang was just pure chance, and thus, there is no God. There is a well known African proverb, No rain, no mushrooms, No God, No world. This saying denotes that for the existence of the world, God is a vital ingredient, without which the world would not exist, just like without water, it is impossible for mushroom to grow properly. The Argument from Design The argument from design is that there is such complex, fascinating patterns and design in the natural world, that it seems as if someone must have designed the world. Everything in this world, as well as the human body is so intricately designed that it seems rather unlikely for this to happen by mere chance. Two famous people, namely Sir Isaac Newton and William Paley have firmly expressed their personal views over this matter: Newton And The Thumb Sir Isaac Newton, a founder of modern science, who lived in the seventeenth century is reported to have said, In the absence of any other proof, the thumb alone would convince me of the existence of God. This view is very interesting because it is amazing that every single human on this Earth has a different fingerprint. Hence, this means that the six billion people currently inhabiting the earth have a unique fingerprint. However, as if that was not fascinating enough, the thing is, that ever since it has been recorded, everyone has had a different fingerprint. To even ponder over this fact is perplexing. It would be extremely difficult to calculate how many different types of fingerprints there have been ever since the beginning of time, and to speculate how many there will be in the future. Paley And The Watch Approximately one hundred years after Sir Isaac Newton voiced his opinion over the existence, or the non-existence of god, a philosopher William Paley used a watch to justify his belief in God. William Paley compared the world to an eighteenth century watch, which was made with amazing architecture, and compared the watchmaker to God. He explained that if he was ever walking across a street, and he found an eighteenth century watch simply lying there, he would presume that the watch belonged to someone, and due to its complex structure, was also made by someone for a purpose, in this specific case, to tell the time with. This is because from a watch with such intricate design, it is apparent that many different materials have been combined together to produce the watch, and even if one part of the watch failed to work, it would affect the working condition of the entire watch. Hence, it is unreasonable to assume that the world was brought into existence through chance, that there is no God, and no purpose to life, because just like a watch, we do have a purpose, just not the same kind of purpose. However, although some leading scholars and scientists of the seventeenth and eighteenth century did believe in God, many did no. For example, Nietzsche, a German philosopher, Epicurus, a Greek philosopher, and Charles Darwin, a scientist, were all strongly opposed to the idea of the existence of God. The German philosopher Nietzsche was famous worldwide for saying God is dead, signed Nietzsche. He believed that the world has no laws, no order, no purpose, and above all, no God. He initiated the belief of Nihilism, which is to believe that there is neither any absolute truth in the world, nor is there any ultimate purpose to life. Unfortunately for Nietzsche, his own words turned their back on him when he was on his deathbed. His sisters sold tickets to people to come and see her brother who was in terrible pain and helplessness and mock him, because the world has no rules. Following the death of Nietzsche, an anonymous person wrote over Nietzsches notice with Nietzsche is dead, signed God. The Greek philosopher Epicurus also did not believe in God simply due to his Problem of evil, which is as follows: If God cannot stop evil in the worldthen God is not all-powerful If God can stop evil, but he chooses not tothen God is not good If god can stop evil, and chooses tothen there would not be any evil. But there is. Why? Because God does not exist. Many religious people have found it very hard to compete with this theory, due to the fact that there is not really much to say in defence, as illness, suffering and pain do exist in the world today. The great scientist, Charles Darwin also did not believe in God, because the views of creation, and the actual creation in the bible contradicted the scientific theories of creation and evolution in the following ways: * Time scale: According to the bible, the process of creation took only six consecutive days, whereas the process of the Big Bang and Evolution took millions of years. * Status Of Humans: Evolution suggests that the human race has evolved from apes, thus belittling the human race, whereas the Bible dignifies the human race by saying that we were purposefully created last by God, after everything else had been brought into existence, so that everything would be prepared for us. It also describes the human race by being very good. * Process: Darwins natural selection was an unguided process, through the survival of the fittest, whereas the Bible shows that God was firmly in charge of the entire process of creation. Religious Experiences Miracles A miracle is an event believed to have a supernatural cause. Even if people do not believe in such occurrences, they often use the word miracle to describe an amazing thing, which seems to have violated a law of nature. Many people who are members of a religious faith believe that a miracle is when God decides to break a law of nature. Hence, miracles are performed by God. For example, when John Rajah fell ill, specialists told him that he was suffering from colitis. Near the end of what doctors called his life, he claims to have received a vision, which he believes was sent by God. In this vision, he said that he saw two tunnels of light. He chose a tunnel, and was brought back to life again. Following this experience, he went to Alpha Classes, in which the priest who was conducting the service asked the sufferer of colitis to come forward. Surprised at the priests knowledge, he went forward, and the priest requested that the entire congregation pray for his recovery. John was so convinced of the return of his perfect health once again, that he stopped taking his prescribed medicines, and converted to Christianity. Miraculously, when John awoke the next morning, he did not feel any pain, and there was no bleeding remaining on his body either. Due to his amazing recovery, his sister, who is a doctor, was also persuaded to attend Alpha Classes, and soon afterwards, she also followed in her brothers footsteps and accepted Christianity as her religion. Although a theist would opine that the above incident was a miracle, an atheist, and even an agnostic may strongly disagree in regarding this as a miracle, due to the following reasons: * The priest may have been informed of Johns critically ill condition by a close relative, friend, or physician prior to the Alpha class. For this reason, the priest did not have a manifestation from God informing him of the condition of the patient; but instead, he had received information from someone else. * It has been scientifically proven that when a person has firm faith in something, it can be obtained, though it seems impossible. Thus, John Rajah must have had full conviction in recovery, and so in due course, he was cured of his illness, which otherwise could have cost him his life. * In reality, John Rajah may not have been as seriously ill as he was thought to be, so as a matter of fact, his condition was not life threatening at all. * John rajah may have been slightly ill, but by taking numerous forms of drugs as medicine, his condition may have deteriated. This is why he felt much better after he had stopped consuming the prescribed medicines. Other types of Religious Experiences At some time in our lives, most of us have experienced feelings of wonder and admiration at the beauty of nature. Other people can feel the presence of God around them. This is classed as a numinous experience. Many religious leaders have experienced God in places of great natural beauty and power. For example, the Prophet Muhammad (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) was in a desert cave when he received the first revelations from Allah. In the same way, Moses was on a mountaintop when the Ten Commandments were revealed to him. Some people experience God in their lives in quite a sudden and dramatic way, which usually results in a significant change in attitude and lifestyle. At times, God speaks to people through thoughts and visions. At other times, God shows guidance through a holy book. For example, Kriss Akabusi, an athlete, converted to Christianity after reading the New Testament cover to cover. He said, I made a decision to dedicate my life to Jesus Christ, something that I have never regretted since. Another example is of Cat Stevens. He was a successful pop star who gave up his career after converting to a religion of peace and obedience, namely Islam. His conversion came after his brother visited Jerusalem, and purchased a copy of the Holy Quraan in the English Language. Although his brother did not accept Islam, he knew that Cat Stevens would be interested in this religion, as he was looking for something to dedicate himself to, because although he was very wealthy, he did not feel peace and tranquillity. His brother gave him the Quraan, and immediately after reading it, he knew that it was time to alter his lifestyle. After entering the fold of Islam, he said, A feeling of belonging ran through me. That day, I was a stream that had just found its ocean. The above two experiences are known as conversion experiences. No matter how persuading such experiences may seem to many people, Atheists claim that these experiences still do not prove that God exists. Some atheists believe that the majority of the miracles mentioned in the bible did not really occur at all, but in order to emphasize the power and superiority of Jesus, such myths were passed down by the disciples of Jesus from generation to generation. Some even explain the incident of the splitting of the ocean in two as the result in the change of the direction of the wind. However, owing to the coincidence of such a thing to happen at such a specific time, not many people are taken in by this theory. Near Death Experiences Many people have claimed to have experienced a near death experience throughout their lives. As yet, there is no proof as to whether near death experiences are scientifically possible or not, though the victims of near death experiences describe them with such intimate detail that they are very hard not to believe. Conclusion Having considered all the evidence and arguments for and against the existence of God, I have still not been persuaded enough to reconsider my firm belief in God. This is simply due to the fact that there is not enough evidence contradicting the belief of the existence of God to incline me to believe that the occurrence of the Big Bang was simply a coincidence. In fact, I do not believe that the Big Bang ever occurred. On the contrary, I believe that God created the entire universe in a period of 6 days. I am in favour of the theories of both Sir Isaac Newton and William Paley, because they both make a lot more sense than the theories of Nietzsche and Charles Darwin. Although I do understand the logic in Epicuruss problem of evil, I am not in favour of it. This is due to the fact that I believe that God has sent us down to this world in order to determine our fate after death, i.e.- heaven or hell. People who believe that the universe came into existence by chance, everything has such intricate designs by chance, every human has a unique fingerprint by chance, every animal has features which adapt to its habitat by chance, miracles occur by chance and near death experiences occur by chance, such people must believe in an awful lot of coincidence!

Parthenon Sculptures free essay sample

5th cent. B.C. Greek works: style, examples, realism idealism, subjects, composition, compared to Olympian works. The sculptures of the Parthenon represent a high point in Classical sculpture and a culmination in the centuries-long effort by Greek sculptors to fashion images that represent natural movement and repose. But, with the increased naturalism of the Classical era, it became difficult for artists to reconcile that realism with the ideal. In comparison with the other sculpture of the Classical era, the sculptures of the Parthenon (447-432 BC) represent a unique solution to this problem. It might have been assumed that the expression of mood and emotion, which constituted the essence of the representation of the ideal, would be facilitated by greater realism. Yet increasing realism did just the opposite, and much of Classical sculpture is distinctly less inclined toward the ideal than..

Demographic of Essex County Essay Essays

Demographic of Essex County Essay Essays Demographic of Essex County Essay Essay Demographic of Essex County Essay Essay Essex County is located in the North eastern portion of new New Jersey. The history of Essex county day of the months back to 1666 when 30 households from Connecticut established colony along the Bankss of Passaic river. Essex County was officially established in 1682 by east jersey legislative assembly. Essex County is 129. 631 square stat mis. The Geopolitical communities are designed by natural or human made boundaries ( Maurer and Smith. 2009 ) . It holds community safer for the occupants and the regulating organic structure. Essex County is bordered by human made boundaries. The conditions of the community fluctuates harmonizing to the seasons. The usual temperature throughout winter corsets within 24 to 42 grades Fahrenheit. In the summer. it hikes up. and ranges between at 68 to 85 Fahrenheit. Natural catastrophes like inundation. snowstorms. blizzards. heavy rains hurricanes. power indignation. H2O deficit common here. Essex county is the 2nd most dumb ly populated county in new New Jersey As of 2010 nose count population was 783969. The county is made up of 22 municipalities which are widely diverse embracing big inner-city communities. Essex’s county’s economic wealth is non distributed uniformly across all occupants. with big urban countries that include a big figure of hapless and minority populations with 11. 7 % county households had income below the poorness degree. As of 2011. 10. 8 % occupants were unemployed. Essex County is the first county in United States to make county broad park system. As of now 5. 745 estates of green infinite which includes huge reserves developed Parkss 21 one of them. The community has large golf classs and tennis tribunals In add-on to this. there are seasonal community carnivals and other community events that provide an juncture for community interaction. And there is proviso for motorcycle lanes. Fire section and constabulary section renders first-class service. The waste disposal and pest control section maintains healthy and hygienic environment. There are community Parkss. swimming pools. athleticss nine. and many other constitutions supplying comfortss to bac k up the physical and leisure activities of the occupants. The community has a large golf nines. In add-on to this. there are seasonal community carnivals and other community events that provide an juncture for community interaction. Interview with the Community wellness Nurse Melissa Garfield RN. BSN ( telephone Interview ) Conducted on 10/23/2014. Melissa works for Barnabas Health System at present she is a clinical supervisor who in charge of about 100 employees which includes registered nurses. respiratory healer. occupational and physical healer. They work really closely with the province and they are Medicare certified. What is your function in disease bar. surveillance and wellness Promotion? What stairss are you taking to alarm the community to educate them? The function of community wellness has changed greatly over the old ages. We play a really of import function in the community for bar of disease and publicity of wellness. They help in forestalling disease by community instruction and assist early sensing of a job. The greatest challenges we face has nil to make with the season of the twelvemonth. it is with infirmaries dispatching patients more rapidly to shorten the length of stay and the sharp-sig htedness of the patients in the community are much higher which necessitates the clinicians that are more skilled than of all time. As of now they have to take attention of patients with tracheotomy. nog tubing feeding. long term thorax tubings. nephrostomy tubings and ventilators and administer antibiotics. The occupation of the community wellness nurse is educate the household members how to take attention of their loved one at place. and what to make when there is exigency there is ever redundancy what to make when there is exigency. She gave the illustration of Hurricane sandy when they had to travel sing places of patients who were oxygen dependant. ventilator patients and patients with particular electronic beds and do certain they had electricity and if non they had to be moved to acute attention centre. For me that was the most ambitious thing I faced in the community. This transcends any season. At the minute it is season alteration and we have to do certain our homebound citizens and senior citizens for acquiring flu vaccinums and acquire them ready for winter devising certain they have entree to heat and hot H2O. Now we are besides educating the community about Ebola. What cultural groups do you cover with? Essex County is made up of really diverse race and civilization. There is no individual dominant civilization or race. We have African- American. White-Americans. Hispanic. and Asians. They visit all communities in the county ; they have bodyguards who are from the community who helps her when she goes home visiting. The lone place they are non allowed to travel is if they see anyone actively making drugs. or imbibing for safety grounds. What religious resources are available?The community wellness nurse has to esteem every faith. civilization and their manner of life and traditions as long it doesn’t cause any injury to the person. Essex County has churches of every denomination. temples. temples and mosques which are easy accessible. What are the five biggest wellness issues refering to Essex County? What is being done to educate the community for its bar? Heart Disease including congestive bosom disease. CancerStrokeBlood poisoningDiabetessThere are non-health related issues like homicide. violent offenses deaths hurts and mortality rates related to this are high in the community. The community wellness nurses organize community instruction in churches. senior citizen places and in grownup twenty-four hours attention centre and churches where they teach about diet. exercising. conformity with medicine and follow up with the doctors. They besides check blood force per unit area and sugars during this clip. Making certain people in the community follow healthy diet is challenge as this county has really high rate of fast nutrient articulations. Are you adequately funded? What would you wish to see more support for? We are insurance and Medicare dependant and if the patient doesn’t have insurance so it is charity attention. They organize fund raisers for malignant neoplastic disease bar. Every plan is of import to the community but more support is needed for preventative attentio n which in bend will advance wellness. What are some of the preventative plans organized Barnabas wellness community services? The function of community wellness nurse involves educating the community in bar of disease which in bend promotes wellness. Tobacco free lifePreventing drug maltreatment and inordinate intoxicant usageHealthy feedingInjury and force free lifeGenerative and sexual wellnessMental and emotional wellbeing.They besides have plan called† what’s in your bag† where they collaborate with the druggist in the community check the prescription medications the patients are taking and do certain there is no duplicates for illustration Norvasc and Amlodipine. They update the list of the medicine they are taking which helps when they go to the physicians or infirmary. They besides assist in the community in proper disposable of fresh and expired medical specialty. The nurse besides teaches how to hive away medicines particularly narcotics. They besides help in the immunisations of seniors particularly flu and pneumonia and preschool kids. The school nurse is in charge of doing cer tain the school age childs are up-to-date with immunisation. Are the wellness resources adequate in Essex County? She believes there are adequate wellness suppliers ; there are many infirmaries. emergent twenty-four hours attention centres and nurse practicians all are really easy accessible. The job is non adequate resources she believes people non doing usage of these resources. There are many persons with no insurance but they are neer denied attention. Essex County besides has price reduction prescription card which gives 20 % on prescription medicine. What is the function of a community wellness in sing to mental wellness? She is non specialized in this field but they do hold separate division who takes attention of these person this squad consists of behavioural wellness nurses and healer. They do measure the patients if they need these services and mention them consequently. Essex County has a large psychopathology infirmary whose mission is to supply evidence-based attention to advance patient recovery and return to community. Diet and Exercise Fleshiness rates have doubled among kids and tripled in striplings and grownups. Besides our community has really high rate of fast nutrient eating house. The chief of community wellness nurse is educating the community on healthy diet and the importance of exercising. Our community has tonss of Parkss and unfastened infinites. athleticss centre which are good equipped but under used. There besides community swimming pools. The community wellness nurses do non form any activities in sing to exert. but the county has many such plan which begin in spring with red flower festival. they conduct endurance contests. bike siting competitions’ and hikings and cantonment outs during summer of which Barnabas wellness is a large patron. Are they any nutrition lack in the community? Does the community provide safe imbibing H2O? Most common job are Vitamin D lack. There are many communities which live below poorness and many are stateless. But there are many organisations which help them like soup kitchens. nutrient casts. repasts on wheels for place edge citizens. churches and many communities. Schools provide subsidised rate or free in some instances breakfast and tiffins to the kids. Farmers markets and community garden where one can turn fresh veggies and fruits in summer. Tap H2O is safe for imbibing which checked sporadically and study of which is sent to all occupants. 11. What is the function of a Community wellness nurse in relation to environmental issues such as heat aid. chilling Stationss. pest control. waste disposal. and common air contaminations? Essex County has an environmental nurse that follows the Human Health Hazard Ordinance. This regulation is for covering with wellness jeopardies that are happening on the exterior of the place and could potentially impact other members of the community. They work closely with town and municipality workers. They inspect the places for rats or any insect’s bed bugs. They besides observe how the refuse is being disposed. Overall the nurse’s occupation is to see if the occupant is safe in their place. She besides checks if the patient is oxygen dependant there is cipher in the house smoke. from single position she besides checks if they have working fire dismaies. They check to see if they have proviso for heat in winter. There is really good waste direction system in the county. They have refuse and recycle bins in all public infinites. The environments risky waste and electronic waste is being collected by the county one time in three months from the community or it can be taken to the disposable centre by the occupant. The community nurse plays no function in this. 12. What sort of gender plans are available e. g. growing and development. STD and AIDS instruction. contraceptive method options. Is there sufficient entree to deliver control. support groups for pregnant adult females and new parents? What are the statistics for birth rates. abortion and abortion? Essex County works with Planned Parenthood. the gestation crisis hot-line. the Family Resource Center and Early Head Start plans. There is disparity among child birth and adolescent gestation. Low and low birth weight among Afro-american babes born is higher than other racial/ cultural group. Adolescent gestation is more in lower socio-economic groups. The school nurses provide sex instruction to the childs from simple. There are many plans for maternal and child wellness. They support them and acquire necessary aid needed in caring the babe and themselves. 13. How do you help in catastrophe direction planning? Are at that place other bureaus you work with? Essex County nurses work with constabularies. fire and EMS from all the metropoliss and towns in the county. The nurses participate in catastrophe direction bore a few times a twelvemonth. Our other function in catastrophe direction is to maintain a list of forces that may be needed to assist when a catastrophe occurs. The list is reviewed and updated annually. This list includes: Long-run attention installations VeterinarianClinics and infirmarySchoolsChurchsSummer cantonmentsParish nursesHome attention bureausWater and energy installations such a Alliant Energy Power Station† 14. What are the Cognitive/ perceptual degree of the community? The Essex County is home to big ethnic/ racial group. The chief linguistic communication is English but there is big figure of occupants about 20 % of who don’t speak English. The community nurses use linguistic communication line to pass on with the patient or person from the household who knows the linguistic communication acts as the transcriber. Essex County is home to five public and five private colleges. There is a great push to alter the instruction system and acquire the kids back to school. The alumnus rate is 64 % for the county which is low comparing to other counties in the province. 15. What is the self-perception / self- construct in the community? Are the occupants happy? I don’t cognize how to reply that. You know we bo th live in the same county there is large disparities how the economic wealth is distributed. There are big urban countries with hapless and minority population. and some below poorness degree. The county is making a batch to do certain all occupants have equal chances. Like in the library they have activities for senior citizens ; they besides have activities for school age and kindergartners. They play a large function ] in summer reading plan. The county besides has free coaching in summer for athleticss activities like tennis and football. Each community in summer organizes film dark. There are equal chances for all. In certain communities in the county the violent offense rate and homicide rate is high compared to other counties in the province. There is besides large job with substance maltreatment. Due to which exigency room visits for substance maltreatment are high in the county. The households populating in these countries face dangers which causes emphasis. Role and relationship The people of the community continue to keep respectful and healthy relationships with neighbours. The kids are concerted with one another and keep regard towards seniors and higher governments. such as instructors. Local occupants aid the older occupants. particularly during snow storm. The local constabulary and firemans offer countless services for the community. We ended our interview by her stating there are many services available in the community which the occupants are non cognizant of. They besides need more skilled nursing staff as the sharp-sightedness of patients in the community is high. Mentions:The county of Essex New New Jersey. World Wide Web. Essex-county New Jersey. org Essex county speedy facts from U S nose count agency. Retrieved from quickfacts. nose count. gov/qfd/states/†¦/34013.

Disseration Proposal Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Disseration - Thesis Proposal Example Fox (2005) opined in his book regarding the 1998 March survey, that 90 percent of Americans are concerned with the moral decline: 49 percent labeled it a moral crisis, and 41 percent labeled it a major problem†(p. xiii). He goes on to assert that ‘in 1998, we were becoming aware of the morale decline then the question that becomes paramount, why was nothing changed’? The year 2001 will undoubtedly go down in history as a period fraught with corporate malfeasance. The spectacle of senior leaders being led away in handcuffs may become one of the images that define the corporate misdemeanors of modern times. The corporate scandals in North America, including WorldCom, International Olympic Committee, Enron, Tyco, Qwest Communications International, Duke Energy, and Bristol-Myers Squibb, as well as sex scandals in the Catholic Church, have resulted in a loss of confidence in the management and leadership of these large organizations. Consequently, investors have become unnerved and the jolts have shaken international markets. It is no wonder that a CBS poll taken in the fall of 2002 finds that 79% of respondents believe questionable business practices are widespread and only fewer than one third thinks that CEOs are honest (Wallington, 2003). These corporations have all come into the limelight for the wrong reasons. As a result, the role of the CEO in ethical dilemmas has come under increased scrutiny. While ethical lapses occur at all levels of organizations, senior executives who fail to set high ethical standards and live by them become senior leaders within an organization that assume the belief to display high ethical and moral values in their conduct both within the organization and outside are not an important value. Yet, many instances have come to where they discard this significant aspect subjected to scrutiny and held accountable for the consequences of unethical practices, damaging the interests of employees, shareholders and the

Grand Inquisitor and Jesus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Grand Inquisitor and Jesus - Essay Example The temptations were turning stones into bread, casting himself from the temple and the angels of God would come and save him before getting to the ground and being given the authority and power to rule all the kingdoms of the earth (Fyodor 29). The inquisitor says that Jesus rejected all this in favor of freedom. He believes that the majority of humans cannot handle this freedom given to them and that giving human’s freedom to choose prevents them from redemption, hence living them to suffer. The inquisitor feels that Christ was wrong to reject each temptation. He feels that he should have turned stones into bread since men will always fallow those who fill their stomachs. Casting himself from the temple would have proved his goodness in the people’s minds following him forever and governing all the kingdoms would guarantee their salvation. Jesus then kisses the inquisitor on his bloodless aged lips instead of responding to his accusations. The inquisitor releases him and tells him never to return (Amy 16). This finally shows the inquisitor’s sympathetic

Organisation Design and Organisation Development Essay

Organisation Design and Organisation Development - Essay Example Therefore, organizational development is one of the most important practices that any organization needs to follow. But, it is very for the management to understand what OD is not because it is not practice of training and development, human resource development, group or team building. It is an organizational perspective but not any individual perspective. Therefore, the main objective of organizational development policies has developed the organization as whole but not to develop an individual staff or to develop a specific division or team within the organization.   It can be stated as a continuous process and not as an acute event. An effectively designed organization contributes in keeping the work environment healthy and job can be done within a structured framework. Organizational development helps an organization to have improved performance on a sustainable basis. The OD practitioners should have strong democratic and humanistic approach to any change in the organization. A collaborative work environment and work culture is the key drive for OD intervention in an organization. Organizational development process involves a number of major interventions that include strategic diagnostic, evaluation of current and proposed strategies, critical thinking, change management, cultural changes, performance management, talent management, learning and development, customer service and sales effectiveness. Finally, organizational development practice believes that each and every areas of an organization is essential to build an advanced system that has strong impact on all internal and external environments where the organization functions.

The Stages Of The Refrigeration Cycle Engineering Essay

The Stages Of The Refrigeration Cycle Engineering Essay The second law of thermodynamics is described as the most fundamental law of science (Khemani, 2008). It is fundamental in the sense that it can be used to explain not only refrigerators and heat engines but highly advanced phenomena such as the big bang. It has been put aptly in the words of Classius as it is impossible for a process to occur that has the sole effect of removing a quantity of heat from an object at a lower temperature and transferring this quantity of heat to an object at a higher temperature (Mortimer, 2008). This essentially means that heat cannot flow spontaneously from a cooler to a hotter body if nothing else happens (Mortimer, 2008) i.e. there needs to be an external agency to effect the change. In kitchen refrigerators, the closed box inside is able to be kept cool by the removal of heat from the inside of the box and depositing it on the outside. Because the heat will not move freely from the cold inside to the hot outside, as by the second law, it is important for it to be made to do so, this is done by using an intermediate fluid (Littlewood, 2004) which absorbed heat on the inside. This intermediate fluid is known as a refrigerant and carries the heat outside of the box whereby it it released into the air as heat as shown in (Littlewood, 2004). Figure 1 the flow of heat within the refrigerator a schematic (Littlewood, 2004) The fluid circulates within the pipe which passes in and out and can be found at the back of the refrigerator. It is kept by using a compressor (which uses electricity from the home) and allows it to work effectively without violating the second law of motion. (Littlewood, 2004) THE FIRST LAW Refrigerator takes in energy from a region that needs to be cooled (or kept cold) and deposits this heat energy into some other region that is outside of the refrigerator. In order to work, there has to be some mechanism in place, where the work done by a compressor and its electric motor is utilized. Using the First Law of Thermodynamics we can write: (Littlewood, 2004) Figure 2 the first law of thermodynamics (Littlewood, 2004) QC   QH  = -W Where: Qc energy or heat of the cold system QH = energy or heat of the hot system W = work done Since work is done on the refrigerator by another device (the compressor), rather than by the refrigerator itself, the work is done is deemed negative because of sign conventions. This is part of the first law (Littlewood, 2004). Suppose that 2.4 MJ of work is used to remove 5.2 MJ of heat from the inside of the refrigerator, then an amount of heat QH  = QC  + W = 5.2 MJ + 2.4 MJ = 7.6 MJ must be added to the kitchen. The refrigerator is termed as a closed system and it possesses a constant composition: U = U + (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡U/à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡V) T dV U = U + (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡U/à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡T) V dT U = U + (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡U/à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡V) T dV + (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡U/à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡T) T dT dU (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡U/à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡V) T dV + (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡U/à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡T) V dT According to Bain (2010), there are four basic parts to any refrigerator: Compressor Heat Expansion valve Refrigerant The exchanging pipes are a coiled set of pipes that is placed strategically outside of the unit. The refrigerant as will be discussed later on is a liquid that has the ability to evaporate efficiently so that inside the refrigerator is kept cooled. (Bain, 2010) A gas can be cooled by adiabatic expansion if the process is enthalphic. The gas expands through a process barrier from one constant pressure to the next and the temperature difference in observed. Insulation of the system made the process adiabatic. The result is that a lower temperature was absorbed on the on a low pressure side and the change in the temperature is proportional to the change in pressure. (Bain, 2010)  Ã¢â‚¬Å¾T  µ  Ã¢â‚¬Å¾P Figure 3 schematic of a domestic refrigerator (Bain, 2010) When an energy |qc| is removed from a cool source at some temperature Tc, and then deposited in a warmer sink at a temperature Th, the change in entropy is: (Atkins dePaula, 2006) Atkins dePaula (2006) also indicated that the process is not spontaneous because the entropy generated in the warm sink is not enough to overcome the loss of entropy from the cold souce. And because of this more energy needs to be added to the stream that enters the warm sink to generated the entropy required by the system. They further indicated that the outcome is expressed as the coefficient of performance, c: The less the work required to achieve a given transfer, the greater the coefficient of performance and the more efficient the refrigerator (Atkins dePaula, 2004). Because |qc| is removed from the cold source, the work |w| is added to the energy stream, the energy deposited as the heat in the hot sink |qh| = |qc| + |w|. Therefore, From: We can have an expression in terms of the temperature alone, which is possible if the transfer is performed reversibly (Atkins dePaula, 2006): Where: c = thermodynamic optimum coefficient of temperature Tc = temperature of the cold sink Th = temperature of the hot sink For a refrigerator, it important that a very low coefficient of performance. For a refrigerator withdrawing heat from ice cold water (Tc = 273 K) in a typical environment (Th = 293K), c = 14. As an example, to remove 10 kJ (enough to freeze 30 g of water), requires transfer of atleast 0.71 kJ as work. (Atkins dePaula, 2005) The work to maintain a low temperature is very important when designing refrigerators. No thermal insulation is perfect, so there is always some form of energy flowing as heat into a specific sample at a rate that is proportional to the temperature difference. (Atkins and de Paula, 2006). Figure 4 (a) the flow of energy as heat from a cold source to a hot sink is not spontaneous. As can be seen, the entropy increase of the hot sink is smaller than the entropy increase of the cold source, so there is a net decrease in entropy (Atkins dePaula, 2006). (b) The process becomes feasible if work is provided to add to the energy stream. Then the increase in entropy of the hot sink can be made to cancel the entropy of the hot source (Atkins dePaula, 2006) he rate at which energy leaks happen is written as: Where: A = a constant that depends on the size of the sample and details of the simulation Tc = temperature of the cold sink Th = temperature of the hot sink The minimum power, P, required to maintain the original temperature difference by pumping out that energy by heating the surroundings is: As can be seen the power increases as the square of the temperature difference (Th Tc). THE REFRIGERATION CYCLE The gas is pumped continuously at a steady pressure, the heat exchanger (which brings the required temperature) and then through a porous plug inside container that is thermally insulated. A phase change heat pump uses a liquid that has a low boiling point to transfer heat from a cooler area to a warmer one, in refrigerators. This heat pump is the most commonly used in domestic refrigerators. It employs a liquid, known as a refrigerant which has a low boiling point. The liquid requires energy (called latent heat) to evaporate, and it drains that energy from its surroundings in the form of heat. When the vapor condenses again, it releases the energy (in the form of heat). A refrigerant is a compound used in a heat cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Latent heat describes the amount of energy in the form of heat that is required for a material to undergo a change of phase (also known as change of state). Two latent heats are typically described. (Bamb ooweb, 2009)For other uses, see CFC (disambiguation). The pump operates a cycle in which the refrigerant changes state from its liquid form to the vapour form and vice versa. This process occurs repeatedly and I known as the refrigeration cycle. In this cycle, the refrigerant condenses and heat is released in one point of the cycle. It is the boiled (or evaporated) so that it absorbs heat in another point of the cycle. The widely used refrigerant is hydro fluorocarbon (HFC) known as R-134a (1, 1, 1, 2 tetrafluoroethane) and CCl2F2 (dichlorodifluoromethane). Other substances such as liquid ammonia, propane or butane, are be used but because of their highly flammable nature, they are disregarded as a good refrigerant. 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). (Bambooweb, 2009)For other uses, see CFC (disambiguation). In the refrigerator the fluid used (e.g. CCl2F2 ) fluid is liquefied by compression then vaporized by sudden expansion which gives a cooling effect. The compressor, in itself does not create a cooling effect directly, as might be expected. The cooling effect is created when the refrigerant absorbs the heat from the cooled space. This is accomplished with a heat exchanger. (Bambooweb, 2009)For other uses, see CFC (disambiguation). A heat exchanger is a device built for efficient heat transfer from one fluid to another, whether the fluids are separated by a solid wall so that they never mix, or the fluids are directly contacted. The refrigeration cycle can be divided in two parts: The liquefaction stage The evaporation stage LIQUEFACTION STAGE The refrigerant vapour undergoes recycling by itself into the liquid form by the extraction of heat from a vapour at a higher temperature. The refrigerant is compressed by the compressor where a low pressure and low temperature condition is created. This is accomplished by an evaporating coil. During the compression process, the vapour of the refrigerant undergoes a temperature change (as an effect of the compression process). Additionally, the work of compression to create the high temperature and pressure vapour also contributes to the temperature change experienced by the vapour. The condenser that is located where the temperature is higher (i.e. the higher temperature heat sink) collects the vapour. Heat is then removed from the refrigerant and in lieu of this it condenses to its liquid state, hence the name for the condenser. Using the Joule-Thompson coefficient: For a perfect gas  µ = 0 Cp + Cv = (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡H/à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡T)p (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡U/à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡T)p Introducing: H = U + pV = nRT into the first term: Cp Cv = (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡U/à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡T)p + nR (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡U/à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡T)p = nR EVAPORATION STAGE As the refrigerant leaves the condenser, the next part of the cycle begins. This is accomplishe when a high temperature and high pressure liquid passes through a metering device that is found within the refrigeration. The valve allows a specific quantity of liquid coolant to pass into the evaporation chamber. Evaporation chambers are relatively low pressure and this encourages coolant evaporation. Newly evaporated coolant is drawn though the cooling coils (typically a fan is used to blow air over the coils). Thus, the evaporative process produces the cooling effect. The refrigerant then is pulled to the compressor in the suction line where it will be compressed into a high temperature, high pressure gas and sent to the external heat sinking coils. Capillary action or capillarity is the ability of a narrow tube to draw a liquid upwards against the force of gravity. A refrigerator pumps heat up a temperature gradient. The cooling efficiency of this operation depends on the amount of heat extracted from the cold temperature reservoir (the freezer compartment), , and the work needed to do so. Since a practical refrigerator operates in a cycle to provide a continuous removal of heat, for the cycle. Then, by the conservation of energy (or first law), , where is the heat ejected to the high temperature reservoir or the outside. The measure of a refrigerator performance is defined as the efficiency expressed in terms of the coefficient of performance (). Since the purpose is to extract the most heat () per unit work input (), the coefficient of performance for a refrigerator, , is expressed as their ratio: Where, the conservation relationship given above is used to express the work in terms of heat. For normal refrigerator operation, the work input is less than the heat removed, so the is greater than 1. Refrigerators are commonly referred to as heat pumps of more specifically a it is a reversible heat pump because they basically pump heat. Figure 5 A simple stylized diagram of a heat pumps vapor-compression refrigeration cycle: 1)  condenser, 2)  expansion valve, 3)  evaporator, 4)  compressor. Opening a food refrigerator or freezer heats up the kitchen rather than cooling it because its refrigeration cycle rejects heat to the indoor air. This heat includes the compressors dissipated work as well as the heat removed from the inside of the appliance. The COP for a heat pump in a heating or cooling application, with steady-state operation, is: Where: ΆQcool is the amount of heat extracted from a cold reservoir at temperature Tcool, ΆQhot is the amount of heat delivered to a hot reservoir at temperature Thot, ΆA is the compressors dissipated work. EFFICIENCY The efficiency of a refrigerator (known as the coefficient of performance, COP) is defined as   For example, if 20 MJ are removed from the inside of the refrigerator by doing 7.5 MJ of work, then the coefficient of performance is equal to 20/7.5 = 2.67. SUMMARY OF THERMODYNAMIC OF A REFRIGERATOR AFTER ONE CYCLE Change in internal energy = 0 Change in heat is > 0 Total work > 0 Total volume change = 0 Change in Gibbs free energy = 0 Entropy change of the system = 0 Entropy change of the universe > 0

french politics :: essays research papers

Louis was dignified and imposing with charming manners, but he was also hard working, patient and self-disciplined with an iron physical constitution. He maintained a strict routine of official business, every day. Short of height, he was of modest intelligence (not much helped by his upbringing undertaken largely by his servants) and lacking of a sense of humor. Possessed of a colossal pride, he loved grandeur, glory, military reviews and petty details (uniforms, equipment, drill). Louis was the epitome of the absolute monarch and embodied the idea of divine right monarchy. As God's representative on earth, he felt that he was due respect and that his word was law; he was responsible to God alone. As an absolute monarch, Louis XIV wielded unlimited authority with all decisions made by him; however, it was not despotism nor arbitrary power, as kings still had to justify their actions to churchmen, entrepreneurs and nobles. Having taken the reigns of government, Louis now had to contend with the nobility, church, bureaucracy and the rest of Europe to achieve his idea of France. The chief opposition to the central monarchy was the French, feudal nobility. The king continued the process of destroying the nobility as a class by increasing the use of commoners to run the state and by establishing Versailles as a seventeenth-century "Disneyland" to keep the nobility occupied with non-political amusements after the court moved there in 6 May 1682. To solidify support from the church, Louis acted in a highly favorable manner. In 1685, the L'Edit de Fountainbleau revoked the Edict of Nantes, and Huguenots, forbidden to practice, left France in droves. On one hand, this created religious unity within France and secured the friendship of the church, but, on the other hand, it aroused the implacable hatred of Protestant states and deprived France of some of its most industrious citizens. To create a more responsive and effective bureaucracy, Louis instituted new administrative methods to strengthen his control. Weekly ministerial conferences Continuity in the top four ministries (finance, army, navy, public works), only sixteen ministers in fifty-four years of his personal reign Ministers chosen by ability not birth Intendants continued to rule the 36 generalità ©s (provinces)--but they never served where they were born Financial reform of taxes Colbert, as controller general, worked to improve the French economy through a policy called mercantilism--state intervention to create a self-sustaining economy. Colbert used an aggressive tariff policy to manipulate the import of raw materials and the export of manufactured goods to improve the balance of payments. french politics :: essays research papers Louis was dignified and imposing with charming manners, but he was also hard working, patient and self-disciplined with an iron physical constitution. He maintained a strict routine of official business, every day. Short of height, he was of modest intelligence (not much helped by his upbringing undertaken largely by his servants) and lacking of a sense of humor. Possessed of a colossal pride, he loved grandeur, glory, military reviews and petty details (uniforms, equipment, drill). Louis was the epitome of the absolute monarch and embodied the idea of divine right monarchy. As God's representative on earth, he felt that he was due respect and that his word was law; he was responsible to God alone. As an absolute monarch, Louis XIV wielded unlimited authority with all decisions made by him; however, it was not despotism nor arbitrary power, as kings still had to justify their actions to churchmen, entrepreneurs and nobles. Having taken the reigns of government, Louis now had to contend with the nobility, church, bureaucracy and the rest of Europe to achieve his idea of France. The chief opposition to the central monarchy was the French, feudal nobility. The king continued the process of destroying the nobility as a class by increasing the use of commoners to run the state and by establishing Versailles as a seventeenth-century "Disneyland" to keep the nobility occupied with non-political amusements after the court moved there in 6 May 1682. To solidify support from the church, Louis acted in a highly favorable manner. In 1685, the L'Edit de Fountainbleau revoked the Edict of Nantes, and Huguenots, forbidden to practice, left France in droves. On one hand, this created religious unity within France and secured the friendship of the church, but, on the other hand, it aroused the implacable hatred of Protestant states and deprived France of some of its most industrious citizens. To create a more responsive and effective bureaucracy, Louis instituted new administrative methods to strengthen his control. Weekly ministerial conferences Continuity in the top four ministries (finance, army, navy, public works), only sixteen ministers in fifty-four years of his personal reign Ministers chosen by ability not birth Intendants continued to rule the 36 generalità ©s (provinces)--but they never served where they were born Financial reform of taxes Colbert, as controller general, worked to improve the French economy through a policy called mercantilism--state intervention to create a self-sustaining economy. Colbert used an aggressive tariff policy to manipulate the import of raw materials and the export of manufactured goods to improve the balance of payments.

Summary of the Tyler Rational

The Tyler Rationale: this is a model of curriculum and instruction development. This model is eclectic; it draws from the social aspect of Dewey: incorporating the society, subject matter and the learner to create learning experiences. It also has behavioral aspects drawn from Thorndike and others expressed through the emphasis on changing student behavior; judging behavior helps to monitor internal growth or aspects of the mind not overtly seen. This model addresses four (4) basic questions. 1. What educational purposes should the school seek to attain?Three sources should be used for identifying objectives: The learner – these are identified through interviews, observations and tests. †¢The society – community life should be classified into categories vocation, recreation, religion etc†¦ and develop objectives for each †¢The subject matter – the subject to be taught must be examined to identify more objectives which encompass the content and skil ls which must be taught. The objectives are then screened (through the use of philosophies and psychologies of learning) and the most important ones. All objectives should be stated clearly (simple terms) and concisely. 2.What educational experiences can be provided to attain these purposes? After the selection of objectives learning experiences should be selected; which actively promote the acquisition of these objectives. Tyler defines a learning experience as â€Å"interaction between the learner and the external conditions in the environment with which he can interact† Deweyean influence). Major effectors of the learning experience †¢The interaction between the person and the environment †¢Behavioral psychology (evident in the way objectives are stated) Criteria for developing learning experiences They should allow the student to practice the behavior implied by the objective. †¢Students should obtain satisfaction from the learning experience.†¢The exp erience should be appropriate to the student’s background. Categories of learning experiences: †¢Development of thinking skills †¢Acquisition of information †¢Development of social attitudes †¢Development of student interest 3. How can these educational experiences be effectively organized? †¢Tyler suggest that learning experiences can be organized by: †¢Continuity – the recurring opportunity to learn various skills (maybe at different grade levels). Sequence – the exposure to experiences which build upon each other. †¢Integration – this encompasses skills which cross discipline/subject. 4. How can we determine whether these purposes are being attained? †¢The curriculum must be evaluated by judging the learning outcomes against the original objectives. ?The first step is to focus on changes in human behavior. oPretests must be used to determine students’ original state before learning. oTests are then adminis tered to determine whether student performance increases in the designated areas. oAll evaluation procedures must relate to the original object.They must be reliable – or actually measure what they are expected to measure (curriculum standards). The Tyler effect has several criticisms. One concerning criticism identified by kliebard was that evaluation was tied so closely to the original objectives; it makes it impossible to identify unexpected outcomes. It narrows the focus of evaluation to only the achievement of the objectives. Therefore the significance of philosophy and other critical factors which are integrated have no way to be evaluated; and to ultimately determine the efficacy of their implementation. One question left to bear:What is the real difference between learning activities and learning experiences? In the revision Tyler collaborated with Leyton Soto and distinguishes learning experiences and learning activities. Learning experiences consist of behaviors tha t are written into objectives; while learning activities are behaviors in which the learner engages to achieve particular objectives. In this case shouldn’t the main concern be the objective and both the activity and experience tools to achieving it? Which comes first? Aren’t the learning activities the display of the same behavior expected in the objectives?

Monroe Doctorine essays

Monroe Doctorine essays 135 Isolationism is a policy or doctrine in which peace and economic advancement can best be achieved by detaching ones country from alliances and commitments with other countries. In actuality this means, it is the mindset and policy to keep your country away from other countries and their affairs. George Washington originally started this policy, which became a trend when he sternly stated that no permanent alliances be made during his term as president. In 1823 President James Monroe created the Monroe Doctrine, although the thinking was done much by John Q. Adams. In this doctrine, Monroe warned the European countries of the damage colonization and intervention can do to foreign affairs. Based on the pretenses outlined in the Monroe Doctrine, it is believed that this was isolationist doctrine. Monroe advised the European countries to steer clear of foreign intervention in his doctrine. Monroe had sympathy for the South American countries that were being taken over mostly by the Spanish, even though his concern was mainly for Foreign intervention in the Doctrine stated that Europe keep their monarchical and imperial type governments out of the Western Hemisphere. As for America, the United States was prohibited from getting involved with their wars or affairs, unless we were directly connected. These ideas definitely follow the definition of isolationism. Monroe was trying to get rid of all European authority in the Western Hemisphere and agreed to stay out of their affairs. This meant that the United States was only going to deal with our own country and not even have alliances. His main reason for this was to save America from war, therefore, for the good of peace. They detached themselves from the Eastern Hemisphere completely, in part to keep the peace. President Monroes doctrine, was whole-heartedly a isolationist policy. Monroe wanted to destroy all the Eu ...

The Revolution of Digital Technology

The Revolution of Digital Technology Introduction Digital Revolution refers to the change in technology that has been going on in the last 40 years from analog technology and mechanical technology to the digital technology.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Revolution of Digital Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The revolution have been characterized by rapid developments in the information technology with the computers becoming,faster,cheaper,powerful and smaller and this has information technology to be part and parcel of lives as it is embedded in almost all the products and people are adjusting very fast to the rapid pace that the information environment is changing. Other developments that have been realized as far as the revolution is concerned includes the digital television, digital democracy,gaming,mobile phone, the world wide web, online social networking,vitual communities, music and multimedia, digital divide among others. The fo llowing essay covers the issues relating to the revolution of information and the challenges that are hinder the effective revolution of digital technology. History and timeline of digital technology The invention of personal compute in the mid 20th century enhanced the invention of new technologies by converging the previous analog technology to digital format. This made it possible to make identical copies of the original and hence the ability of accessing and distributing information remotely between media. A significant development as far as the digital revolution is concerned is the transition of music from analog to recorded digital one in they early 1980s (Hoare,1998). The whole phenomenon behind digital revolution started with the invention of a transistor which in turn facilitated the invention of a microprocessor. The microprocessor saw the development of the personal computers and it was the invention of the personal computers that paved way for other digital devices that are present today. The transistor that facilitated the invention of digital computers was invented in 1947 and so the computers came onto being in the mid 1950s and it was only the government, military and the organizations that had the computer systems.As a result of digital computers invention, the World Wide Web was created.Advertising Looking for essay on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The personal computers were later invented in the 1970s in which the time sharing between computers was effectively realized. The general public became familiar with the computers in the 1980s in the industrialized nations such as U.S, Geramny, France among others. Thus people bought the computers for home and business use.Many people became conversant with the computers and also many jobs were created as a result. It is also in the 1980s that the first cell phone was created by Motorola (Creeber Martin, 2008). The period between 1990s and 2000 was also characterized by significant developments in the digital era. First, the internet was released by the World Wide Web and so many businesses had the chance of advertising themselves. People from the developed nations were the first beneficiary of internet invention but the digital revolution eventually spread to the entire globe in 1990s implying that even people from the developing countries had the access to internet. The cell phone was also developed in this era but much later which had the effect of enhancing communication among people. The Social-economic Impacts of digital revolution The revolution of digital technology has had both positive as well as negative impact as far as social and economic aspects are concerned. The positive impacts of the revolution of the digital technology include the fact that it has enhanced interconnectedness among people. The interconnectedness has reduced costs and time as far as sending and receiving the information is concerned. In the past, people used to spend much money in an order to convey information (Hofstede, 1997). The digital technology has also made information to be easily accessible unlike in the past and this have resulted to great efficiency in organizations and hence enabling them to achieve their objectives. The World Wide Web has been of much assistance as it has facilitated the outsourcing by the companies and hence enhancing interaction between the companies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Revolution of Digital Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The new innovations have also brought about economic growth through globalization whereby one can even buy and sell products online without necessarily having to travel long distances in order to carry out negotiations and so everyday life of people have been made easier. Electronic commerce as a result of internet allows efficiency on the consumer’s prices for goods and services because middlemen which have the effect of increasing the prices are eliminated as the supplier is able to sell his or her goods directly to the consumers. The negative effects as a result of revolution of digital technology includes the fact that the companies’ productivity is often reduced as employees spends much time pursuing their own interests using the digital devices that are found in the workplace e.g. playing computer games, chatting on the social network sites such as facebook and twitter,accesing emails e.t.c. The other negative impact as far as the revolution of digital technology is concerned is that there is less privacy because the information that is stored in the digital devices is susceptible to be accessed by people who were not intended to view it. Some of the information that is found in they internet for instance may not be suitable for people of all ages such as underage as it have unethical elements such as pornography e.t.c. due to the fact that organizations as well as individuals are allowed to publish any topic whatsoever to the world at large at minimal costs (World Culture Report, 1998). This has been a major concern for many parents as the students performance in schools continue to deteriorate because they spends much of their time either listening to music with their iPods, downloading music, watching movies and video clips e.t.c.instead of concentrating in their studies (Creeber Martin, 2008). There has also been an increase in frauds as far as the revolution in digital technology is concerned e.g. the cyber crime with the World Wide Web which has resulted to huge losses among the victims (Vikas, 2002).Advertising Looking for essay on computer science? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Challenges of digital revolution The path towards digital revolution has not been all smooth as it has been met with challenges and the main one being digital divide (Challoner Gribbin, 2002). The gap between those who have access to information technology and those who do not have is quite wide and this has made the revolution in digital technology not to be uniform because there are societies that continues to lag behind and resulting into digital divide. The digital divide occurs mainly in the low developed nations with many people being unaware of the current digital technologies and so the revolution process cannot be carried out effectively as the people behind revolution cannot be able to get feedback on the existing products. Another challenge that is common in the digital revolution is the rate at which the evolution takes place implying that ones digital gadgets as well as programs are always at a risk of becoming obsolete due to the revolution of more effective ones and hence a person will be required to seek for the digital devices that are currently in use which is a bit costly (Hofstede, 1997). There are also concerns about trademarks and copyrights as a result of revolution of the digital technology as consumers have resulted to duplicating the original protected works instead of purchasing the original product from the manufacturers. The music and film industry is the one that has been greatly affected by these violations. This has in turn led to the killing of the morale of the original manufacturers. The emergence of counterfeit products in the market have also made it hard for the consumers both differentiate between the original products and the fake ones and this have the effect of hindering the product innovation Conclusion The digital revolution have spurred economic growth as a result of the innovations and with the personal computers advent, information management about products, people and processes became crucial in each and every s ector of the economy. The mere convergence of communication, computing and the content enhanced the digital revolution as well as digital economy. In today’s world, societies have adequate infrastructure concerning information and communication technology as revolution still continues and thus reaping benefits as a result of the advancement in technology. As competition increases in businesses, innovation is being considered as the key factor for success and so there is need to encourage the under developed nations to be innovative enough so that they can be able to compete effectively with the developed nations (Hofstede, 1997). Reference List Challoner, J. Gribbin, J (2002).The Digital Revolution. London: DK Pub Creeber, G. Martin, R. (2008).Digital cultures. London: Open University Press. Hoare, S. (1998).Digital Revolutiion: 20th century inventions. Whyman: Raintree Steck- Vaughn. Hofstede, G. (1997).Culture and Organizations Software of the Mind. New York: McGraw Hill. Vikas, M. (2002).Annals of Indian Language Computing: Goa International. UK: Conference on Universal Knowledge and Language. World Culture Report. (1998).Culture, Creativity and Markets. US: UNESCO

Link Between Biology and Criminology Research Paper

Link Between Biology and Criminology - Research Paper Example This does not imply that criminologist should not rely on biology as a tool for explaining criminal behavior. Biology is a science that explains human physiology and therefore, it has a chance in human behavior, which incorporates criminology. Nature vs. Nature Most biological theories of criminology rely on hereditary factors as the main source of criminal behavior. Such theories associate social changes and human behavior on genes, which define the relationship between parents and their children. According to Earnest, there is a clear difference between evolution and genetics (2007). Genetics deals with hereditary traits that characterize an individual while evolution focus on the wider scope of changes taking place in the society due to interaction with the societal environment. On the other hand, criminologists focus on criminal behavior or factors that make people to have criminal minds. Evolution and genetic theories are critical elements that link biology and criminology. Acco rding to evolution theories, criminal behavior can be viewed as a form of adaptation. On the other hand, genetic theories associate the presence of an extra Y chromosome among male with crime and criminal activities. Biologists also rely on the formation of the skull to explain criminal behavior among people. The mental state of an individual is also another factor that biologist use to explain criminal behavior. ... Most serial killers have been found to be quiet and introverted types of individuals. Mental abnormality or insanity that is responsible for criminal behavior cannot be detected through ordinary sanity tests such as the Durham and Brawner rules. There is concrete evidence that genes, which are encoded or defined by the DNA, determine certain traits such as skin color. Biologists have extended hereditary factors to include other abstract human traits such as aggression, sexual orientation, and personality. Nature vs. nature debate considers the existence of behavior genes, which influences people’s behaviors including criminality. Nature vs. nature debate is been ruled out as a source of criminal behavior for fear that people will use the theories to justify their criminality. The other controversial phenomenon related to the nature vs. nature debate is the dilemma of fraternal twins. According to the nature vs. nature debate, fraternal twins would have similar characteristics if environment does not play a role in shaping their behavior (Walsh, 2002). Thus, any pair of fraternal twins should have striking similarities in their behavior including their level of criminality. The hypothesis also suggests that twins would have similar behaviors despite having been brought up in different environmental and social conditions. However, this does not necessarily hold true since twins develop individual or personal behavior despite having closely related genetic factors. The fraternal twin phenomenon disqualifies the overall assumption of genes as the main factor that influences criminal behavior. This phenomenon forms the fundamental aspect of the nature vs. nature theory, which considers the environment as the main aspect that influences criminal behavior. According to

Organizational Culture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organizational Culture - Assignment Example Center of discussion in this paper is organizational culture as a â€Å"set of shared beliefs and experiences that essentially defines the identity of an organization and ultimately guides its behavior†. Today, most organizations are reconsidering and reconstructing their organizational culture for it is perceived as one of the important determinants of success in terms of influencing individual behavior. Furthermore, the culture’s role in the organization is indispensable because it is a lifetime result of weaknesses, strengths, failures, and experiences of people. In fact, it is frequently cited in the different versions of cultural studies that if an organization is planning to implement a change process, it must first understand its organizational culture because failure to do so will make the process unsuccessful. This idea was seconded by the study of Kotter and Heskett when they presented that organizational culture is one of the barriers in implementing a succes sful organizational change effort because culture or experiences are learnt over many years. In addition, a company’s invention or development of systems or procedures will too often fail because â€Å"cultures do not support the newly learned concepts, values, or assumptions†. â€Å"Generally, culture studies are conducted at different levels of analyses (for instance, organizational versus societal) using different methodological approaches (conceptual, quantitative, and qualitative) and a variety of associated constructs†.... Moreover, the positive relationship between culture and performance is supported by several research studies (Peters & Waterman, 1982; Denison, 1996; Marcoulides & Heck, 1993). Culture is also considered as a strong competitive advantage; thus, beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviors of people in an organization are highly regarded (Alvesson & Sveningsson, 2008, p.3). For example, if business practices are not aligned with the corporate culture, profits will fall, wider range of facilities will not be fully utilized, and there will be no unity and cooperation in the organization. Theories and Conceptual Models in Defining the Style of Management Organizations are expected to be proactive with their actions or strategies and update them based on current market trends. However, changing an organizational culture is a complicated process because of the concept’s nature wherein â€Å"the stronger the culture, the more resistant it is to any form of change† (Kaliprasad, 20 06, p.29; Thompson & Luthans, 1990). Therefore, the organization’s greatest challenge is to create a strong and powerful culture, which is at the same time susceptible to environmental disturbances (Schein, 1992). Thus, several culture theories and models are proposed to have a good or in-depth understanding of the increasing perception that organizational culture and success/effectiveness have a positive linkage. These associated models and cultures are also created to determine the different aspects of culture in different analyses, approaches, forms, and dimensions, particularly in organizational behaviors. Edgar Schein’s Model of Organizational Culture and Leadership (1980s). Having a powerful and flexible organizational culture is considered